Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

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Arabic Ethics (Akhlaq) and Sanskrit Dharmashastra: Moral Philosophy in the IKS Curriculum

Author(s) Dr. Nilofar Nadiyah
Country India
Abstract This paper undertakes a systematic comparative study of Arabic ethics (Akhlaq) as articulated in the classical Islamic philosophical tradition and Sanskrit Dharmashastra as codified in the Hindu legal and moral tradition of India. Both traditions represent mature, sophisticated, and internally coherent systems of moral philosophy developed over centuries through rigorous intellectual labor. While they emerge from distinct metaphysical foundations — Islamic ethics grounded in divine command, prophetic example (Sunnah), and rational philosophy (falsafa), and Dharmashastra rooted in Vedic revelation (shruti), cosmological order (rta), and caste-contextual duty (varnashrama dharma) — the paper demonstrates that they share a remarkable convergence of core moral concerns, virtues, and practical ethical principles.

The study proceeds through five analytical axes: the metaphysical grounding of ethics in each tradition; the theory of virtues (fadhail / gunas); the concept of duty and obligation (fard/ dharma); the role of intention in moral evaluation (niyyah / bhava); and the treatment of justice (adl / nyaya). The paper then situates its findings within the framework of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India and the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) initiative, arguing that a comparative curriculum incorporating both Akhlaq and Dharmashastra can contribute substantially to NEP's goals of value education, ethical citizenship, and civilizational self-awareness. The paper concludes with concrete recommendations for curricular integration at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, presenting Akhlaq-Dharmashastra comparative philosophy as a model for how India's plural intellectual heritage can be leveraged for contemporary moral education.
Keywords Akhlaq, Dharmashastra, Islamic ethics, Hindu moral philosophy, Indian Knowledge System (IKS)
Discipline Other
Published In Volume 4, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-06
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