Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

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Agricultural Science in Ancient Indian Farming Practices

Author(s) Dr. Rajesh Kumar Patel
Country India
Abstract A significant amount of agricultural knowledge went into the farming activity of ancient Indians, as ecological observation, seasonal organization, seed management, water management, soil preparation, crop variety and care of plants was integrated into the farming activity of ancient Indians. The Indian subcontinent developed agriculture early and within diverse climatical conditions, river basins and other cultural contexts. The archaeological record of Mehrgarh and South Asia demonstrates that early farmers grew barley and wheat and eventually diversified into cotton, pulses, rice, and other crops, meaning that there was a long domestication and agricultural adaptation process (Britannica Editors, 2026). The archaeobotanical studies of the Indus civilization also show that ancient agriculture was quite diverse and strategically adaptable as farmers employed monocropping, mixed, and serial seasonal systems based on varying social and climatic patterns (Bates and Choi, 2023). Later, agricultural practices were documented in Sanskrit literature including Krishi-Parashara, Arthashastra and Vrikshayurveda that addressed rainfall, irrigation, ploughing, seed management, land classification and plant health (Sadhale, 2006; Sharma and Nathani, 2025). This article holds that ancient Indian agriculture represented a practical science of agriculture based on repetency, environments, and long-term sustainability. The research consults the historical and textual materials, compares the main scientific characteristics of the ancient agricultural activity, and considers the applicability of these methods to the modern sustainable farm. It concludes that despite the lack of the modern terminology of science a systematic and empirical reasoning was evident in ancient Indian agriculture, which is relevant to the current discourse of low-input, climate-resilient, and ecologically based agriculture (Bates and Choi, 2023; Singh et al., 2020).
Keywords Indian agriculture in the ancient world, agricultural science, Krishi-Parashara, Vrikshayurveda, sustainable agriculture.
Discipline Other
Published In Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-05-19
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