Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

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Vocational Education and Employability Skills in India: An Evaluation of Skill Development Initiatives under NEP 2020

Author(s) Mr. Ruhul Amin, Ms. Nargis Mazumdar, Ms. Riya Chutia, Ms. Arunava Bayan, Ms. Florina Ahmed
Country India
Abstract In the context of India's increasing need for a skilled workforce, vocational education has emerged as a vital approach to boost employability and fill the skills gap. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has brought about a paradigm shift in the integration of vocational education in mainstream education to address the disconnect between the academic knowledge and the labour market. This paper explores how Vocational Education can help impart employability skills and critically discusses major skill development initiatives in India such as Skill India Mission, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) and Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs). The research design of the study is descriptive and analytical and is entirely secondary data oriented from reports of the government, policy documents, UNESCO publications and India Skills Reports and peer reviewed literature. Results show that these programs have contributed to a great extent in increasing access to skills development and enhancing vocational training at the national level. However, they face ongoing issues related to skill mismatch, poor infrastructure, lack of industry support, inter-regional variation and poor job creation. The study also emphasizes on opportunities afforded by NEP 2020 and the development of digital learning, Industry 4.0 capabilities, entrepreneurship development and lifelong learning pathway. It suggests that even though NEP 2020 has a solid blueprint for a successful change in the nature of vocational education, institutional support, ongoing industry collaboration, regular curriculum refresh and outcome-focused monitoring are needed to improve employability skills and create a globally competitive workforce.
Keywords Vocational Education, Employability Skills, National Education Policy 2020, Skill India Mission, Skill Development
Discipline Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-01
DOI https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2026.v04i04.1415
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