Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2584-0487 •   Impact Factor: 9.11

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Canals, Tanks, and Wells: Irrigation under the Vijayanagara Kingdom

Author(s) Dr. Suma V
Country India
Abstract This paper aims to compile the ancient knowledge related to the establishment of irrigation systems, specifically during the Vijayanagara period from 1335 A.D. to 1565 A.D., covering a span of 230 years. It highlights the significant effort and creativity of the people of that era, as well as the foresight of the rulers and individuals, which played a crucial role in fostering a thriving economy, stable food production, and overall prosperity for the populace. The Vijayanagara empire extended from present-day Bellary and Raichur districts to encompass all of South India, with its capital located at Hampi, near modern-day Hospet in Bellary district. Numerous irrigation systems were developed, utilizing the waters of the Tungabhadra River through various anicuts that directed the flow from impounded reservoirs along the riverbanks to irrigate fields, alongside countless tanks and ponds constructed in the area, small-scale lift works along the riverbanks, and wells that accessed groundwater for irrigation. The exemplary practices in managing and maintaining these water resources ensured that the irrigation systems remained in good condition, benefiting farmers for generations. While modern irrigation techniques have advanced significantly, they also face challenges such as reservoir siltation and land becoming waterlogged and saline. Nevertheless, many hydraulic, construction, and management principles from the ancient Vijayanagara period are noteworthy, and the techniques and lessons learned by our ancestors in the successful construction and management of irrigation systems will continue to inspire future generations in the effective management of Karnataka's rich water resources.
Keywords Karnataka history, Vijayanagara empire, Canals, Tanks, and Wells
Discipline Other
Published In Volume 4, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-12
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