AI Diplomacy: How Great Powers Weaponize Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Policy - A Comparative Study of the United States, China, and Russia

Siddharth Kathane

doi:10.62127/aijmr.2026.v04i05.1526

AI Diplomacy: How Great Powers Weaponize Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Policy - A Comparative Study of the United States, China, and Russia

Author(s)	Siddharth Kathane
Country	India
Abstract	AI is becoming a fundamental part of international politics, influencing the ways in which great powers collect intelligence, make their strategy, and exert influence. This paper proposes a comparative perspective to analyze how the United States, China and Russia are using AI in their foreign policy. Based on policy documents, institutional analysis, and open-source intelligence, the study proposes three strategic logics: (1) the American logics of technolinguistic enclosure through export controls and alliance coordination, (2) the Chinese logics of standards-based order building through institutional entrepreneurship and multilateral diplomacy, and (3) the Russian logics of asymmetric cognitive disruption through information operations and deepfake-enabled warfare. Analysis of these approaches indicates that they are not converging, but rather they are the result of deep strategic cultural, domestic political-economic and global technological differences. This fragmentation will be institutionalized in 2026, when the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO) is established, which is based on the vision of China's governance, while the United States is following selective multilateralism. These three logics create compounded risks, such as rapidly accelerated decision cycles, disjointed governance and the erosion of the epistemic commons, which are not easily managed by any single power, the paper argues. The framework developed here can serve as a starting point for exploring the implications of AI for statecraft and the circumstances in which international collaboration could be achieved.
Keywords
Discipline	Other
Published In	Volume 4, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-29
DOI	https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2026.v04i05.1526

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AI Diplomacy: How Great Powers Weaponize Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Policy - A Comparative Study of the United States, China, and Russia

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