Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

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Between Śāstra and Software: Formal and Computational Readings of Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī

Author(s) Mr. Narasimha Ganesh Bhat
Country India
Abstract Since the nineteenth century the अष्टाध्यायी (aṣṭādhyāyī) of Pāṇini has repeatedly been described as an anticipation of modern formal and computational method. This article asks what that description amounts to when it is tested against both the text of the grammar and the technical literature that has grown up around it. It first sets out the architecture of the grammar—the प्रत्याहार (pratyāhāra) encoding of the sound inventory, the इत् (it) marker system, the interpretive metarules that convert sūtras into conditional rewrite instructions, and the त्रिपादी (tripādī) with
its principle of असिद्धत्व (asiddhatva)—and then reviews four strands of subsequent scholarship: the historiography of the comparison with computation, from Staal (1965) and Ingerman (1967) to Kadvany (2016); formal analyses of the Pāṇinian metalanguage, notably Petersen’s (2004) lattice-theoretic treatment of the शिवसूत्र (śivasūtra) ordering; results on rule interaction and generative capacity, including Penn and Kiparsky’s (2012) demonstration that contextualised
replacement systems of the Pāṇinian type exceed context-free power, and Rajpopat’s (2021) reinterpretation of A 1.4.2; and the implementation literature associated with the International Symposium on Sanskrit Computational Linguistics. It is argued that the analogy holds at the level of descriptive technique—an explicit metalanguage, ordered conditional rewriting, and a
separation of representational levels—but not at the level of theory, and that the more productive question concerns what a rule system designed for oral transmission can teach formal linguistics about economy of statement.
Keywords Pāṇini; Aṣṭādhyāyī; Sanskrit grammar; computational linguistics; formal grammar; asiddhatva; pratyāhāra; kāraka
Discipline Sociology > Linguistic / Literature
Published In Volume 2, Issue 3, May-June 2024
Published On 2024-05-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i03.1537
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